Barbell Squat
The Barbell Squat is a beginner compound movement that activates 5 muscle groups simultaneously. It primarily targets the Quadriceps, making it one of the more efficient exercises in RepStack's 873-exercise database.
Starting position
Ending position
Muscles Worked
The quadriceps handles the primary load during this movement. The calves and glutes and hamstrings and lower back assist as stabilizers throughout the range of motion.
How to Barbell Squat
- 1
This exercise is best performed inside a squat rack for safety purposes. To begin, first set the bar on a rack to just below shoulder level. Once the correct height is chosen and the bar is loaded, step under the bar and place the back of your shoulders (slightly below the neck) across it.
- 2
Hold on to the bar using both arms at each side and lift it off the rack by first pushing with your legs and at the same time straightening your torso.
- 3
Step away from the rack and position your legs using a shoulder width medium stance with the toes slightly pointed out. Keep your head up at all times and also maintain a straight back. This will be your starting position. (Note: For the purposes of this discussion we will use the medium stance described above which targets overall development; however you can choose any of the three stances discussed in the foot stances section).
- 4
Begin to slowly lower the bar by bending the knees and hips as you maintain a straight posture with the head up. Continue down until the angle between the upper leg and the calves becomes slightly less than 90-degrees. Inhale as you perform this portion of the movement. Tip: If you performed the exercise correctly, the front of the knees should make an imaginary straight line with the toes that is perpendicular to the front. If your knees are past that imaginary line (if they are past your toes) then you are placing undue stress on the knee and the exercise has been performed incorrectly.
- 5
Begin to raise the bar as you exhale by pushing the floor with the heel of your foot as you straighten the legs again and go back to the starting position.
- 6
Repeat for the recommended amount of repetitions.
Common Mistakes
- • Brace your core before initiating the movement — maintain tension throughout the entire range of motion.
- • Control the eccentric (lowering) phase for at least 2 seconds to maximize muscle fiber recruitment.
- • Grip the bar evenly on both sides — even a small offset shifts the load asymmetrically.
- • Keep the bar path as vertical as possible over your base of support.
- • Avoid locking out aggressively at the top — stop just short of full extension to keep tension on the muscle.
Similar Exercises
Frequently Asked Questions
What muscles does the Barbell Squat work?
The Barbell Squat primarily works the Quadriceps. Secondary muscles include the Calves, Glutes, Hamstrings, Lower Back, which assist during the movement.
Is the Barbell Squat good for beginners?
Yes, the Barbell Squat is suitable for beginners. Start with light weight to master the 6-step form before adding load.
What equipment do I need for the Barbell Squat?
You need barbell to perform the Barbell Squat. Most commercial gyms will have this available.
Track your estimated one-rep max over time. Use our 1RM calculator to see where you stand, or let RepStack compute it automatically after every set.
Track Your Progress
RepStack logs every set, calculates your e1RM, and coaches progressive overload — automatically.